Die chronologische Liste zeigt aktuelle Veröffentlichungen aus dem Forschungsbetrieb der Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf. Zuständig ist das Zentrum für Forschung und Wissenstransfer (ZFW).
Prof. Dr. Jörg Ewald,
Sven Conrad,
Martin Kleikamp
Berechtigungen: Open Access
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Vegetationsaufnahmen aus Tuexenia Band 27 sind online (2008) Tuexenia 28 , S. 269.
Prof. Dr. Jörg Ewald
Comparing indicator values of bryophyte and vascular understorey in mountain forests (2008) Flora, Vegetation, and Nature Conservation from Schleswig-Holstein to South America – Festschrift for Klaus Dierßen on Occasion of his 60th Birthday. Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geobotanik in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg 65 , S. 117-126.
Annette Otte,
Dr. Birgit Reger,
Dietmar Simmering,
Rainer Waldhardt
Since the end of World War II, marginal European landscapes with unfavourable environmental conditions for cultivation have experienced severe land-use changes. In many cases, large portions of arable land have been successively abandoned in favour of grassland or fallow land. This general trend of marginalisation in turn affected ecological landscape functions and processes with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and natural resources. Furthermore, the land-use pattern in marginal European landscapes is expected to undergo further major changes in the future, particularly in the course of EU agricultural policy. Given this background, this multiple-paper thesis (A) analysed agricultural landscape change in a marginal agricultural landscape and (B) developed methods that may support landscape change research at multiple spatio-temporal scales. Both aims were addressed in three studies. Our study area was the Lahn-Dill Highlands (1270 km²), a marginal agricultural landscape in Hesse (Germany) with a pronounced land-use change in the past decades.In the first study, we developed an approach to identify types of land-cover patterns and dynamics (TLPDs) at the rural district scale. By the combination of recent satellite data with historic agricultural statistics, and the application of k-means cluster analysis, we identified six TLPDs and characterised their physical settings. We found a general trend of abandonment of cultivation at the landscape scale, which is governed by significant differences in current land-cover patterns and the directions of land-cover change at the district scale: In the eastern part of the area, where elevation is low, and the proportions of steep slopes and dry soils are small, land cover remained relatively stable. Slight to dramatic changes occurred, in contrast, in the remaining districts with comparatively unfavourable conditions for cultivation. In the second study, we developed a 3-step methodological approach to systematically assess the spatial distribution of grassland age in a marginal agricultural landscape. The approach is based on the combination of an a-priori two-stage landscape stratification with conventional aerial photograph interpretation of selected patches, and the subsequent spatial extrapolation of the determined grassland age. Results proved that our approach provides a realistic estimation of grassland age at the scale of districts and over a time period of five decades. We found that the derived probabilities of grassland age classes are specific for grassland types in areas with a homogenous pattern of land-cover change. Furthermore, the results indicated a predominance of old grassland patches (>47 years). Occurrences of mid-aged grassland (18-47 years) were concentrated in districts with a pronounced land-cover change in this time period, whereas young grassland (<18 years) is apparently evenly distributed across the study area. In the third study, we analysed the potential effects of three alternative transfer payment schemes on the farmland habitat diversity in a marginal agricultural landscape. We defined (1) a scenario with direct transfer payments coupled to production, (2) a scenario with direct transfer payments decoupled from production, and (3) a scenario phasing out all direct transfer payments. We characterised habitat diversity with three indices: habitat richness, evenness, and rarity. The habitat pattern in 1995 served as reference for comparison. All scenarios predicted a general trend of homogenisation of the farmland habitat pattern, yet to a differing extent. Transfer payments coupled to production (Scenario 1) supported spatially segregated land use with fallow land primarily in low-productive areas and arable land use in the more productive sites. The scenario predicted intermediate values for habitat richness and habitat evenness. Decoupling transfer payments from production (Scenario 2) favoured grassland as the most profitable farming system. This led to a grassland-dominated landscape with low values of all habitat diversity indices. Phasing out transfer payments (Scenario 3) resulted in complete abandonment or afforestation of agricultural land and extremely low values in all habitat diversity indices. Scenario results revealed that the payment of subsidies may prevent cessation of agricultural production, but may not fully counteract the homogenisation in marginal landscapes.
Mehr
Prof. Dr. Jörg Ewald
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Plant species richness in mountain forests of the Bavarian Alps (2008) Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 142 (3), S. 594-603.
DOI: 10.1080/11263500802410942
Based on a stratified random sample of 93 vegetation plots (144 m2) from montane and subalpine climax forests in a representative section through the Bavarian Alps, spatial pattern and environmental correlates of species density of trees, vascular understorey and epigeic bryophytes were analysed. Detecting landscape scale patterns in beta- and gamma-diversity based on interpretation of rarefaction curves proved to be difficult in a sample that had been stratified by ecological criteria. In 144 m2 plots tree species density (5 ± 2.0, max. 10) declined with elevation and increased with stand age (multiple R 2 = 0.557). The latter effect can be attributed to the secular history of game management and browsing pressure, which has hindered the regeneration of species-rich tree stands since ca. 150 yr. Species density of the forest undergrowth reached remarkably high levels for vascular plants (42 ± 12.8, max. 69) and bryophytes (14 ± 6.0, max. 30) and strongly depended on cover of the respective layer in a unimodal pattern, suggesting to separate direct and indirect effects, mediated through the mass effect, in the subsequent construction of regression models. Multiple regression (R 2 = 0.47) revealed that vascular species density is limited chiefly through low plant cover, which in turn decreases with tree cover, elevation and soil quality, and secondly by species pools that contain larger numbers of species requiring high pH and ample light. Cover and direct effects had roughly equal weight in controlling bryophyte species density (R 2 = 0.57). Biomass depended on the proportion of conifers in the tree layer and on site quality, less fertile sites tending to have higher bryophyte cover. The increase of bryophyte species density with elevation was interpreted as an effect of a pool of largely boreal-subalpine species. The increase of species density with stand age suggests dispersal limitation and deserves further study.
Prof. Dr. Andreas Rothe,
Prof. Dr. Helge Peters
Bodenschutz und Holzernte an der Fachhochschule Weihenstephan: Was soll ein angehender Forstingenieur wissen? (2008) LWF aktuell 67 , S. 31-32.
In den letzten 20 Jahren stieg die Zahl der Holzerntemaschinen im Wald stark an. Die Anforderungen einer raschen und kostengünstigen Holzbereitstellung führt jedoch verstärkt zu Zielkonflikten mit Gesichtspunkten des Bodenschutzes. Der Forstingenieur als Verantwortlicher vor Ort muss Lösungen finden, die beide Aspekte berücksichtigen. Dies erfordert fundierte Kenntnisse in Bodenkunde und Holzerntetechnik. Die Fakultät Wald und Forstwirtschaft der Fachhochschule Weihenstephan hat mit der Umstellung auf den neuen Bachelor-Studiengang »Forstingenieurwesen« beide Bereiche eng verzahnt. Die Einbindung einer Einschlagsfirma in die Lehrveranstaltungen gewährleistet eine besonders praxisnahe Ausbildung der angehenden Forstingenieure.
Oliver Nelles,
Oliver Bänfer,
Prof. Dr. Josef Kainz,
Dipl. Phys. Johannes Beer
Berechtigungen: Peer Reviewed
Local model networks - The prospective method for modeling in electronic control units? (2008) ATZelektronik worldwide 3 , S. 36-39.
DOI: 10.1007/BF03242200
Prof. Dr. Hubert Röder
Global Trends in Forest Industry (2008) 8. Industrieforum Pellets, 29. bis 31. Oktober 2008 in Stuttgart/Germany .
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Gerhard Radlmayr
Referent für Wissenstransfer und Forschungskommunikation
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